Crimmigrant Nations
Resurgent Nationalism and the Closing of Borders
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As the distinction between domestic and international is increasingly blurred along with the line between internal and external borders, migrants—particularly people of color—have become emblematic of the hybrid threat both to national security and sovereignty and to safety and order inside the state. From building walls and fences, overcrowding detention facilities, and beefing up border policing and border controls, a new narrative has arrived that has migrants assume the risk for government-sponsored degradation, misery, and death. Crimmigrant Nations examines the parallel rise of anti-immigrant sentiment and right-wing populism in both the United States and Europe to offer an unprecedented look at this issue on an international level.
Beginning with the fears and concerns of immigration that predate the election of Trump, the Brexit vote, and the signing and implementation of the Schengen Agreement, Crimmigrant Nations critically analyzes nationalist state policies in countries that have criminalized migrants and categorized them as threats to national security. Highlighting a pressing and perplexing problem facing the Western world in 2020 and beyond, this collection of essays illustrates not only how anti-immigrant sentiments and nationalist discourse are on the rise in various Western liberal democracies, but also how these sentiments are being translated into punitive and cruel policies and practices that contribute to a merger of crime control and migration control with devastating effects for those falling under its reach. Mapping out how these measures are taken, the rationale behind these policies, and who is subjected to exclusion as a result of these measures, Crimmigrant Nations looks beyond the level of the local or the national to the relational dynamics between different actors on different levels and among different institutions.
In this timely volume, Professors Koulish and Van der Woude bring together a diverse array of scholarly voices to eludicate the mechanisms and consequences of national migration management policies reliant on the punitive mechanisms of the criminal law and the militarized force of the security state. The authors collectively reveal the global scope of this policy trend, and the dangers that it holds for human dignity and democratic self-determination.---Jennifer M. Chacón, UCLA School of Law
In this frightening moment of rising authoritarian nationalism – where despotic leaders mobilize fear and resentment by equating migration and crime – it is incumbent upon scholars committed to protecting human rights and facilitating genuine democracy to decipher exactly what’s happening and why. In this regard, Robert Koulish and Maartje van der Woude have done their duty: They’ve assembled a team of top-notch contributors who elucidate the scope, origins, and often-deadly consequences of crimmigration policies and politics in Europe and the United States. This book and its lessons are essential.---Jamie Longazel, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, author of Undocumented Fears: Immigration and the Politics of Divide and Conquer in Hazleton, Pennsylvania
Robert Koulish is a political scientist at the University of Maryland, Director of the MLAW Programs in the BSOS College at UMD, Joel J. Feller Research Professor in the Department of Government and Politics, and Lecturer at Law in the UMD Carey School of Law. He is the author or co-author of Immigration and American Democracy: Subverting the Rule of Law and Immigration Detention, Risk and Human Rights.
Maartje van der Woude (Edited By)
Maartje van der Woude is Professor of Law & Society at Leiden Law School in the Netherlands. She is also affiliated with the Department of Criminology and Sociology of Law at the University of Oslo and the Center for the International Comparative Study of Criminology at the University of Montreal.
Introduction: The “Problem” of Migration
Robert Koulish and Maartje van der Woude | 1
I. Border Criminologies
1 Insecurity Syndrome: The Challenges of Trump’s Carceral State
Tony Platt | 33
2 Migration, Populism, Racism: Between “Old” Italy
and “New” Europe
Dario Melossi | 50
3 The Promise of the Border: Immigration Control and Belonging
in Contemporary Britain
Ana Aliverti | 68
II. Crimmigration Under Trump
4 The Terrorism of Everyday Crime
Juliet P. Stumpf | 89
5 The Trumping of Neoliberal Penality? Trump’s Presidency and
the Rise of Nationalist Authoritarianism in the United States
Sappho Xenakis and Leonidas K. Cheliotis | 116
6 Trump v. Hawaii: Trumpeting Authoritarianism with Formalist
Analysis and Sovereign Norms
Robert Koulish | 134
7 A Path toward Nowhere: The Rise of Enforcement- Based
Immigration Policy
Doris Marie Provine | 157
8 Trump Doesn’t Tweet Dog Whistles, He Barks with the
Dogs: Crimmigration as a Racial Project through the Lens
of Trump’s Twitter
Rashawn Ray and Simone Durham | 179
9 Mirrors of Justice? Undocumented Immigrants in Courts
in the United States and Russia
Agnieszka Kubal and Alejandro Olayo- Méndez | 198
III. Shoring Up Fortress Europe
10 Euroskepticism, Nationalism, and the Securitization of Migration
in the Netherlands
Maartje van der Woude | 227
11 Sorting Out Welfare: Crimmigration Practices and Abnormal
Justice in Norway
Helene O. I. Gundhus | 249
12 The Fight against Terrorism in Belgium: Crimmigration Law
as a Counterterrorism Instrument?
Lana De Pelecijn and Steven De Ridder | 279
13 How Does Crimmigration Unfold in Poland?: Between
Securitization Introduced to Polish Migration Policy by Its
Europeanization and Polish Xenophobia
Witold Klaus | 298
14 Migration Control, Populism, and the Spectrum of
Exclusion in Turkey
Zeynep Kasli and Zeynep Yanasmayan | 315
List of Contributors | 337
Index | 341
