Inventories of Ruin
The Demise of the Mexican Jesuits, in Three Acts
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An innovative historical analysis that draws upon performance and theatre studies to stage the ruination and demise of the eighteenth-century Mexican Jesuits
Inventories of Ruin dramatizes the ruination of the Mexican Province of the Society of Jesus as their power and influence waned over a period of approximately fifty years in the eighteenth-century Spanish Atlantic world. To tell the story of the arrest, migration, and ultimate dissolution of this powerful organization of missionary men, three sets of “inventories” are juxtaposed. The first is composed by notaries, who record the objects left behind by the Jesuits at a college in Puebla de Los Angeles when they were arrested on June 25, 1767. The second is an “inventory of the self,” a conversion narrative composed by a Swedish convert who encounters the Jesuit refugees while shipboard on the Mediterranean Sea. The last is an inventory of the dead written by an exiled ex-Jesuit in Bologna, Italy, whose necrology memorializes the life and death of his brethren from the now defunct Mexican province.
Inventories of Ruin is about the ruination and disappearance of Jesuit ways of being that counters Jesuit historiography’s framing of this period as a moment of “suppression.” At the same time, Inventories of Ruin is about how this story of ruination appears in the archives. The book studies the epistemological drama of inventorying, as writers labor to uproot religious power, to locate and secure a religious self, and to capture religious histories. What weighs upon these texts is a sense of anxiety because the question of what will be found animates authors whose literary exertions appear as historiographical struggles to have a say over what appears and what vanishes before leaving the stage, or before pushing others toward the exit.
Following inventories of objects, souls, and the dead, Molina offers us a beautiful meditation, cast as a tragedy in three acts, on the material, ritual, and affective scaffoldings of early modern societies. This is a relentless exploration of the sociological undoing of the Mexican Jesuit Order after its 1767 expulsion, a deeply imaginative probe into the performative dimension and origins of Jesuit power and charisma.—Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, co-author of The Radical Spanish Empire: How Paperwork Politics Remade the New World
Introduction: Disappearing Acts | 1
Act I. Arrest | 24
Scene I. Notarial Observation at the Colegio Espíritu Santo | 31
Scene II. The Action of Subtraction | 37
Scene III. Departures and Returns, Replications and Excisions | 45
Scene IV. Aramburu’s Desk | 50
Scene V. Madre Santísima de la Luz, Owner of the Means of Her Own Reproduction | 53
Scene VI. Counting the Silver | 62
Scene VII. Care for the Sacramental Silver on the Jesuit Hacienda | 75
Scene VIII. Charting Virtue, Enforcing Devotionalism | 79
Scene IX. Silver, Salvation, and Racialization | 88
Act II. Possibility? | 98
Scene I. The First Book | 101
Scene II. Shipboard Disputation | 103
Scene III. Off the Page, or, Things Thjülen Is Too Self-Absorbed to See | 107
Scene IV. Missing Books | 114
Scene V. The Virgin Mary Conquers Lutheran Heresy | 119
Scene VI. Chasing Spiritual Union across the Mediterranean | 123
Scene VII. Betrayal | 126
Act III. Ruination | 134
Scene I. The Transatlantic Culling of the Mexican Province | 139
Scene II. “True” Monuments: The Ruination of el Verdadero Jesuita | 149
Scene III. Off the Page: Bologna | 161
Scene IV. Displaced, or the Jesuit “College” in a New World | 163
Scene V. The Hacienda, Another Model | 166
Scene VI. “La América” and Nostalgia for Tepotzotlán | 170
Scene VII. To Live Dying: Mourning in an Etiological Mode | 172
Scene VIII. Necrocommunity, or a Mournful Mode of Sociability | 179
Scene IX. Verdadero Anchorites | 182
Concluded: The Mexican Province | 189
Acknowledgments | 197
Notes | 203
Bibliography | 243
Index | 259
